Use and Maintenance of Fabric Abrasion Tester

Use and Maintenance of Fabric Abrasion Tester (Martindale method)

Operating precautions on Fabric Abrasion Tester; Maintenance of Fabric Abrasion Tester;
Fabric Abrasion Tester Application：
Fabric Abrasion Tester is Suitable for woven, knitted, woven, decorative materials, coated fabrics and other apparent abrasion resistance testing and pilling performance test.
Fabric Abrasion Tester principle：
Fabric Test samples mounted in the top of the jig and mounted in the grinding and abrasive friction stage. According to the test requirements specified after the friction phase, remove the fabric and wear index calculated or assessed using visual way to describe the specimen and fluff pilling grade.
Fabric Abrasion Tester Method of operation
1、Sample preparation
In the standard environment, tiled, without stretched state, place it for a period of time according to different standards. As24 h(G B /T 4 80 2 .2 一 19 97)，16h(EN ISO 12947-4:1998)
2、samples Selection
Cut a sample from different parts of the entire width of fabric and, the sample to be representative. If it is fancy fabric sample, which should include all the different organizations and cloth made from color rendering.
3、Remove the load and the upload the shaft from the test machine
4、Remove the top plate and the test fixture
5、Sample Device
Loosen the retaining ring on the test fixture, scored tablet sample, the sample is placed in a test fixture base. When the test fabric is not more than 500 g / m2, put the polyester foam pad between a sample and the sample holder with the metal block body; greater than 500 g / m2, or when the composite fabric, foam pad is not required. Each specimen holder on the sample should be the same tension.
6、Device to Sheep blankets and cloth friction
Place the Felt and abrasive on Grinding station, put heavy Tuo shi on abrasive, then set the pressure ring; tighten the nut so that the pressure ring is fixed to the abrasive grinding stage
7、add pressure on the abrasive placed on the grinding platform.
8、The mounted sample test fixture face down and placed on the base fixture, test fixture adjustment circular recess aligned with a load of the shaft, the shaft is inserted so that the load test fixture circular inner recess
9、Accordance with the standards for the set times, the start switch to start the test, automatically shut down after the number reaches the set
10、Remove the sample, in contrast to the standard sample according to the rating box
Handling Precautions for Fabric Abrasion Tester
1、Rubbing cloth can be used repeatedly, each completing a test needs to be replaced a rubbing cloth;
2、Wool felt can be used repeatedly, if the surface is worn or needs to be replaced when soiled, can use double-sided
3、Insole cloth should be moved firstly, then Martindale abrasion test
4、After the test, sample surface of the table are frayed, broken yarn, fuzz or pilling serious, serious wear and abnormal, it is determined to be defective
5、When sample preparation, paying particular attention to the hair cut edges, do not produce change, in order to avoid unnecessary loss of quality and appearance changes
6、Note that the process of instrument operation practices and personnel safety.
Fabric Abrasion Tester Maintenance
1、The instrument must be regularly cleaned and external cleaning, to ensure cleanliness
2、Regularly check test equipment to see if there are abnormal.
3、Each personnel in the use of the process follow the correct way to use, and is not a violation, to avoid damage to the instrument, resulting in shortening the life of the instrument
4、Each personnel after the use of the test instrument, the instrument shall laid out, and do the appropriate instrument cleaning to ensure clean
5、In the case of non-use, the power supply should turn off, and maintain the equipment clean

Taber Linear Scratch Testing with Reciprocating Abraser

Taber Linear Scratch Testing with Reciprocating Abraser

The Taber Reciprocating Abraser includes a counterbalanced arm which pivots on an adjustable height gantry system. The counterweight allows the user to balance the test arm, ensuring precise test load set-up regardless of the weight of the attachment. Incorporated at the end of the arm is a tool holder to which optional attachments and weights may be secured. A sliding specimen platform moves in a horizontal, reciprocating motion under the stationary tool holder.

Reciprocating abrasion tester used by way of rotary grinding, using different kinds of friction wheel rotational friction on the sample to detect wear performance for leather and plastic materials, make scientific evaluation of the wear resistance on the product.

Depending on the type of material under evaluation, the visual appearance of a scratch or mar normally involves changes in surface topography, color, or brightness.  Three methods are normally used:

Visual Evaluation - Scratch resistance is normally reported as the minimum load necessary to penetrate the surface of the specimen. The observer increases (decreases) the testing load until the point when a visible line is scratched on the specimen surface. This line should penetrate the surface and not be able to be wiped off.  It is also possible to rank scratches based on an existing standard. A standard numeric rating representing 3 to 5 increasing scratches (or what constitutes a Pass / Fail) may be established for each type of material and used solely for comparison to determine test end point.

Test products are fixed at the level of the table, in the abrasives and load with the movement of the provisions under the level of water for the station being worn; The use of the principle of leverage, the other end of the arm with the test weight to maintain balance test arm to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the sample surface load test results.

Abrasives and load frame height is adjustable to be suit for different height of the sample tested. According to the different requirements of customers, the use of different media to test different products friction abrasion resistance.

Deep Abrasion Resistance

DEEP ABRASION RESISTANCE

Method only applicable to unglazed ceramic tiles. The testing method and the expression of results are the same as those indicated in the previous European Standards (EN 102). Only one modification has been made regarding the material to be used for the calibration of the instrument. The calibration procedure remains unchanged. For unglazed tiles the Capon test is executed by adding sand or another scratching material between the tile and the machine.
The scratch resistance of the surface is also known as the Mohs value. This has not been taken into account in the current norms but is still important in today’s market. The Mohs hardness is determined by observing whether its surface is scratched by a substance of defined hardness.By making scratches in the surface of the tile with different minerals as chalk(1) or diamond (10) the Mohs value is determined. Glazed tiles should have a Mohsvalue  of min.5 and unglazed tiles a value of at least 6.

Abrasion resistance is the capacity of the surface to resist to the wear caused by foot traffic or by mechanical equipment . The wear action is strictly linked to the material carried on to the surface (water, sand, mud, etc.) and classified in five categories depending on the areas they are used in:

For glazed tiles the PEI test is used to see how  the surface reacts to the circular movements made by the machine.

More Information about Shear or Scratch Tester

Shear or Scratch Tester

Useful in quality control as well as materials and product development, the applications are diverse. The Shear/Scratch Tester is ideal for evaluating adhesive qualities of surface coatings, detecting the lack of homogeneity in comparative materials, rating similar or competitive materials, or analyzing the effects of age under controlled environmental conditions.
Precision, calibrated weights provide a flexible testing range for a variety of product. The Shear/Scratch Tester can test rigid organic materials, adhesive coatings, paints, powder coatings, anodized materials, soft metals, synthetics, linoleum, laminates, plastics, glass, plus many others.

Using precision tips, the Taber Multi-Finger Scratch/Mar Tester is used to measure the susceptibility of material surfaces to scratching, marring, gouging and other similar physical damage not classified as ordinary wear.

Specimens are secured to a pneumatically driven platform. Five independent spline-shaft fingers with varying weights exert a constant, vertical load on the test specimen as it travels under interchangeable scratch tips. Spline-shaft fingers are mounted on a rigid gantry platform. Support rests allow the operator to secure individual shafts in a rest position, permitting the testing of non-standard width samples.

The ‘five-finger’ scratch tester has been popular in the automotive industry for testing smooth or grained plastics commonly used in ornamentation or trim. Useful for quality control as well as material or product development, the Multi-Finger Scratch/Mar Tester is ideal for evaluation of plastics, rigid organic materials, paints and coatings, soft metals, linoleum and many more.

How to use and maintain Taber Abrasion Testing Machine

How to use and maintain Taber abrasion testing machine？

Wear-resistant testing machine mainly by rotating the grinding method, the use of different types of friction wheel rotation in the sample to detect the wear resistance of leather and plastic materials. Widely used in metal, coatings, sheet metal surface, coating materials, textiles, leather, rubber and other areas of performance testing. This article is for the wide application of the instrument, focusing on the use of operation and maintenance of some of the considerations

Test principle: The test sample is placed in a rotating platform, through the two above the rolling friction wheel under a certain load and the sample to the friction of the rotating friction to wear the sample. One friction wheel facing outward, the other friction wheel inward friction specimen, the formation of a circular wear traces. After a specified number of frictions, the degree of wear of the specimen was evaluated by appearance.

The operating instructions

Test preparation:

1. Secure the test sample to the test dial, select the desired test weight, and make sure that the test wheel does not come into contact with the sample fixture during the test.
2. Set the governor switch to minimum.
3. According to test requirements set the number of tests, the machine is in test state.

Operating Specifications:

1. Connect the appropriate power supply 220V or according to the label
2. Adjust the governor switch to a minimum, in order to avoid too fast, causing the machine to appear abnormal.
3. Turn on the power, the first test machine, if no abnormal turn off the power.
4. Press the RESET key to reset the counter to zero. According to the requirements to set the number of tests required, the maximum counter can be set 99999999 times.
5. Press the RST button on the counter to clear the counter, press the> key for five seconds to enter the number of test settings, the counter on the eight digits from the bottom right to the left representing the bit to 10 million, such as setting 280360 times, > Key to adjust the jump value to the left upper third digit Press ∧ key to set the value to 2, then press the> key to adjust the jump value to the upper left fourth digit. Press ∧ key to set the value to 8, Press the ∧ key to set the jump value to the lower right and the second digit. Press ∧ to set the value to 6, and the other positions are set. Set to zero, according to test requirements set the number of tests required:
6. Press the start button, the machine will enter the test state.
7. Adjust the governor and adjust the speed to the desired test speed.
8. Turn on the vacuum cleaner power switch to start working.
9. When the counter reaches the set number of times, the machine will automatically stop in standby mode.
10. Turn off the power, remove the sample, clean up the machine.

Maintenance matters

1. The instrument must be placed on a smooth surface before use,
2. Do not allow the machine to be tampered with during use
3. Select the appropriate power supply voltage, not too high, to avoid burning the device
4. In the event of abnormal instrument, please contact the Secretary for timely processing

5 machine works must be a good ventilation environment.

6. Key mechanical components, due to large operating load, the mechanical part of the timely addition of lubricants
7. After each test, clean the machine and keep the machine clean

Yarn on Yarn Abrasion Resistance

Depending on the nature of the working environment, the abrasive wear of concrete floor slabs can range from scratching or scuffing to impact and local crushing. To assess abrasion resistance it is, therefore, necessary to have a versatile apparatus.

Abrasion & Wear  Testing. When abrasion is the predominant factor causing deterioration of your materials, testing will give you data to compare materials or coatings and can help you predict the life time of a material or coating. Abrasion testing is used to test the abrasive resistance of solid materials.

Interyarn abrasion has been determined to be a principal cause of failure and of short service life of large synthetic fibre ropes during tension and bend cycling. The YoY abrasion test is used to determine the quality of finish applied on yarns to enhance abrasion resistance, especially in wet conditions. It is also used to compare the relative abrasion resistance of various yarns.

The test measures abrasion cycles to failure on interwrapped yarn at various applied tensions. The yarn is interwrapped in contact with itself between three pulleys, as shown in Figure 1. For wet testing the interwrapped yarn is immersed in water. The yarn is then drawn back and forth under tension until it fails. A number of tests are conducted at each of several applied tensions.

The abrasion test is now described in ASTM D-6611, “Standard Test Method for Wet and Dry Yarn-on-Yarn Abrasion Resistance” and in Cordage Institute (CI) 1503 “Test Method for Yarn-on-Yarn Abrasion, Wet and Dry”. It is the basis for CI 2009P “Performance Requirements for Marine Grade Polyester Yarn for Fiber Rope”.

Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance

There are different test methods to determine the abrasion resistance of concrete subjected to number of various types of abrasion. There are number of different tests used in various countries and it is clear that there is no single test that adequately measures the abrasion resistance of concrete under all conditions. This paper covers the summary and classification of the various abrasion tests which are listed below.

This test method covers three procedures for determining the relative abrasion resistance of horizontal concrete surfaces. The procedures differ in the type and degree of abrasive force they impart, and are intended for use in determining variations in surface properties of concrete affected by mixture proportions, finishing, and surface treatment. They are not intended to provide a quantitative measurement of the length of service that may be expected from a specific surface.

The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of each other.

This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

When abrasion is the predominant factor causing deterioration of your materials, testing will give you data to compare materials or coatings and can help you predict the life time of a material or coating.

Abrasion testing is used to test the abrasive resistance of solid materials. Materials such as metals, composites, ceramics, and thick (weld overlays and thermal spray) coatings can be tested with this method. The intent of this test method is to produce data that will reproducibly rank materials in their resistance to scratching abrasion under a specified set of conditions.

The test should not be used to predict the exact resistance of a given material in a specific environment. Its value lies in predicting the ranking of materials in a similar relative order of merit as would occur in an abrasive environment. Volume loss data obtained from test materials whose lives are unknown in a specific abrasive environment may, however, be compared with test data obtained from a material whose life is known in the same environment. The comparison will provide a general indication of the worth of the unknown materials if abrasion is the predominant factor causing deterioration of the materials.

QINSUN Textile Testing Instruments

There are mainly two types of testing, one is routine process testing and another is quality record testing. The result of routine process testing can be got quickly in the working field. The result of quality record testing is to be recorded for different objects to finish the work.

Textile Testing

Textile Testing is an important part for textile production, distribution, and consumption. We can also define Textile Testing as the process of determining the properties of different kinds of Textile substances.
 

Objectives of Textile Testing

The objectives of Textile Testing are as follows –

• In case of research, the results of testing will help the scientist to decide which route should be followed.
• It helps to select the proper raw materials. Raw material is a relative term. As for example, fibre is the raw material of spinner, yarn is the raw material of weaver etc.
• Textile Testing helps to control the different processes. Such as Spinning, Weaving, Dyeing, Finishing etc. End breakage is controlled by controlling weight per lap length, sliver length and roving length. Weaving process is controlled by controlling the excessive breakage of warp and weft yarn. Dyeing process is controlled by M : L, temperature and pressure.
• In case of product control, it helps to ensure the fulfillment of the desired quality of the end product. Such as the end product of spinning is yarn.
• In case of process development, it helps to improve the quality of end product by avoiding unnecessary waste of time and money.
• In case of product development, it helps in continual search for new knowledge and to develop new products.

Factors affecting Test result

• Atmospheric conditions
• Test methods
• Testing instruments
• Technician’s efficiency etc.

Different types of Textile Testing

Fiber Tests

Fiber tests include identification of fibers, grading, fiber length, strength and elongation, fineness, maturity etc.

Yarn Tests

Yarns tests include yarn count, twist per unit length, strength, appearance, evenness and regularity, hairiness etc.

Fabric Tests

Fabric tests include strength and elongation, width, thickness, number of ends and picks per unit length, the count of yarn used, fabric weight per unit length, design and construction of the cloth, air permeability, thermal properties, stiffness, handle, drape, crease resistance and recovery, abrasion, pilling, shrinkage etc.

Qinsun test instrument are sold all over the world through our distributors in overseas countries, We provide you with the superior quality instrument,aftersales service and support. With the most outstanding and accurate performance,all our instruments are made in compliance with international standard such as ISO,JIS,AATCC,GB,ASTM,BS,DIN.